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Chinese · Classical Chinese · 4th c. BCE - 2nd c. CE

Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas), 4th c. BCE - 2nd c. CE — title page or representative image
Public domain · National Library of China

Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas)

Anonymous

A geographic and bestiary compilation cataloguing hundreds of gods and monsters by the mountain they inhabit — closer in form to the Goetia than anything else in the ancient world.

Read Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) in full at the linked edition →

What this text attests · 3

Name hereRank given#Powers described
The water officialNamed among the ancient powers with his minister and his serpent form, in the classic's catalogue of the world's creatures and places.
CreatorForms humanity from clay and mends the pillar of heaven after it is broken.
Of the jade mountainDescribed with tiger's teeth, a leopard's tail and dishevelled hair, presiding over the calamities of heaven and the five punishments.
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